The Union Army won a strategic victory as Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia withdrew after suffering considerable losses. Sumner A. Holway Diaries - 1st Maine Cavalry, Company H. They mustered out July 16, 1865 with the old members mustering out June 4, 1865. Total 440. First Lieutenant, Henry F. Sidelinger, Union, commanding company. I, Priv. United States' service near Washington, D.C., by Captain Charles F. Grand Review May 23. Dawes, Calvin, Cumberland, Foss, Washington, Comville. A special thanks to the 20th Maine reenactors Co.'s B and F who were present. Duty at Ball's Cross Roads until June 5. This article is about the Civil War regiment. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Crosby N. Crocker, team- G. Brann, Jefferson; Alexis F. Flagg, Alna; Jotham D. Williams, Alna. If not for their heroism might we not be heirs to a different history, a very different America? cook. They were farmers, shop clerks, woodsman, and seaman. The 1st Maine Heavy Artillery suffered the largest losses of any regiment in a single . John Wentworth; Co. F, Priv. First Sergeant Isaac W. Estes, mortally wounded; died July 14, 1863. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. mortally, died in 5th Corps hospital, buried on Trostle farm (near For more information on the history of this unit, see: The Civil War Archive section, 20th Regiment Infantry, (accessed 30 May 2012). United States Regiments & Batteries > Maine. Being primarily farmers and lumbermen before they enlisted, most of the men had no military background, but many were used to hard work and surviving in an often unforgiving environment, were familiar with firearms and had the benefit of having volunteered for service. hospital east of Fiscel house. The two armies spent a restless night. To mark the return to Maine of the 20th Maine's restored Gettysburg battle flag the Maine State Museum opened an exhibit September 5th, 1998. Oliver L., mortally w*d; died July 11. Dexter True, 2nd Maine Cavalry. ; Henry H. Butler, Names of the officers and men of the Twentieth Maine Volunteers who were killed or died of wounds received in this action: Co. C, Capt. The regiment lost 38 killed or mortally wounded and 93 wounded out of 358 engaged. Baldwin County. Come on boys! 1866 Maine Adjutant General's Report, appendix D. Final The Civil War Soldiers and Sailors database lists 3,600 men on its roster for this unit. No. During the charge, a second enemy line of the 15th and 47th Alabama tried to make a stand near a stone wall. Toziers bravery sparked the 20th Maine and changed the course of the engagement. The unit was unable to participate in the Battle of Chancellorsville in April-May 1863, due to a quarantine prompted by a tainted smallpox vaccine that had been issued to the unit's soldiers. The Battle of Antietam also gave President Lincoln the victory he needed to implement a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation in September 1862 that freed slaves in rebel states. No county claimed them. This page has been viewed 5,021 times (0 via redirect). Source: "Stand Firm Ye Boys From Maine" by Tom Desjardin. Meade reinforced his Union position with the I Corps, which was now led by Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday since Maj. Gen. John Reynolds had been mortally wounded earlier that day. Help Purchase & Restore Sought-after Property at Gettysburg. A. Davis, Warren, Eben F. Manchester, Windham, and Ambrose Whitcomb, 19th Maine - History of the Nineteenth Regiment Maine Volunteer Infantry 1862-65 (6.5 mb) 20th Maine - Army Life: A Private's Reminiscences of the Civil War by Pvt. Andrew D. Mabury, Windham, Willard Pinkham, Charleston. Charles W. Billings; Co. But Chamberlain recovered and returned to the army by the end of the year, serving until the end of the war. An infantryman who is out of ammunition, faced with being cut down on the next enemy charge, and hearing the metal-to-metal sound of bayonets being put on en masse knows the intent of the upcoming order without actually hearing it. Meanwhile, Colonel Vincent tried to rally his 3rd Brigade as the 16th Michigan staggered under the heavy assault by the 4th and 5th Texas. Chamberlain replied, If we couldnt do anything else we would give the Rebels the smallpox! Instead, the regiment wasassigned to guard duty on the telegraph line from headquarters to United States Ford, although Lt. For more information on the history of this unit, see: 20th Regiment, Maine Infantry timeline from organization to discharge. James Pete Longstreet and Ambrose P. Hill, were marching on the Chambersburg Road in southern Pennsylvania, while Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell was leading his corps westward from York. The heritage of the 20th Maine is carried on today by the 133rd Engineer Battalion, Maine Army National Guard. Includes battles in which the regiment participated, the names of those killed in action and the deaths of other . correspondence and papers of veterans. The 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment lost 9 officers and 138 enlisted men killed or mortally wounded and 1 officer and 145 enlisted men to disease during the Civil War. William S. Jordan, Corp. Melville C. Law, Priv. Moved to Manchester, thence marched to Washington, D. C., May 1-12. But, using the classic element of surprise, Captain Morrills Company B rose up from behind a stone wall and fired a volley into the Confederates rear, breaking the will of the enemy troops. Recruits transferred to 20th Maine Infantry 2023 Steve A. Hawks . Exact statistics are difficult to discern, but estimates put the number of Maine men who died in Civil War service at about 9,400. Major Spear brevetted lieutenant colonel of volunteers for gallant and distinguished serves at Peebles Farm, Brevet Colonel Spear was promoted to full colonel, Regiment mustered out under Colonel Spear. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Marcellus Blake, Carmel, Nor was there time. The state-appointed Maine commission that later gathered facts regarding Maines contribution to the Battle of Gettysburg maintained that Melcher sprang forward as Chamberlain yelled, Bayonet! They mustered out July 16, 1865 with the old members mustering out June 4, 1865. Organized at Readville under Colonel William R. Lee, mexican War veteran and distant relative of Confederate General Robert E. Lee. On May 23, 1863, 120 three-year enlistees from the 2nd Maine Infantry were marched under guard into the regimental area of the 20th Maine. A highly cultured, somewhat sedentary professor of modern languages at Maines exclusive Bowdoin College, he had sat out the first year of the war on Bowdoins stately campus. The regiment lost four men killed and 32 wounded, charging deadly Maryes Heights late in the day on the 13th and spending the next day and two nights lying in the open in front of Confederate positions. Gen. John W. Gearys division was aligned just north of the hill and was the largest Union force in the immediate area. John M. Safford, Corinna, Luther M. Rideout, Garland. Vol. Stephen Littlefield, Winterport, hosp. Some take his deeds out of context, however, and mythologize him. Others who merited more credit than they received were Gouverneur Warren, who conducted one of the best reconnoitering jobs of the war, and Strong Vincent, who unhesitatingly put his brigade on Little Round Top and rallied that brigade under intense fire until he fell mortally wounded. Colonel Chamberlain took over brigade command and Major Ellis Spear took command of the Regiment. (August 1861-June 1864), 20th Ind. They came from coastal Maine, from central and western Maine. Chamberlain whose right foot had been pieced by a shell fragment or a stone chip then limped along the regimental line giving instructions to align the left side of the regiment with the right. The Battle of Antietam, known as the bloodiest battle of the Civil War, was the 20th's first taste of the war. There is some disagreement about exactly what Chamberlain said to order the bayonet charge. The regiment was also among those forced to remain overnight within sight of the Confederate lines at Fredericksburg in December 1862, forcing the regiment's Lt. Col. Joshua Chamberlain to shield himself with a dead man. 1st. Included along with the flag were historic prints, art work, documents, and the famous Colt revolver taken by Chamberlain from a Confederate officer after it providentially mis-fired, sparing him at Little Round Top. A Roster (15 Volumes); Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. The regiment wasmoved to Quarantine Hill, while Colonel Ames wastransferred to General Meades staff at Corps Headquarters. Here during December, 1863, 173 of the original members of the regiment re-enlisted. Andrew, Hodgkins Ephralm, Johnson James P, Knight James A, Lowell Gen. James J. Pettigrew approached the town leading a 2,584-man brigade that was part of Maj. Gen. Henry Heths division, he became aware of the Union cavalry force positioned there. Maine Infantry Regiment, 20th (1862-1865). In the confusion of shifting troops, however, Geary pulled his men out too soon, before Sickles men had moved to replace them. The most notable battle was the regiment's decisive role on July 2, 1863, in the Battle of Gettysburg at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where it was stationed on Little Round Top hill at the extreme left of the Union line. Captain, Atherton W. Clark, Waldoboro, acting Field Officer. The men took up a position in a ravine east of Little Round Top. Also lacking military experience, a number of officers were well educated, including 10 who had graduated from Bowdoin College. Colonel Chamberlain returned from sick leave and court martial duty in Washington to resume command of the Regiment. Army. Corporal Coan said the men hesitated when Melcher ordered them forward because they were not sure if the colonel had sanctioned the attack. The 20th Maine marched from Appomattox, Virginia, on May 2, reaching the national capital at Washington, D.C., on May 12, where the remaining original members were mustered out of service on June 4, 1865, with the remainder of the regiment leaving the federal service on July 16. and that Chamberlain himself was abreast of the colors. Ref. Winslow Nathaniel O, Wyman Charles B, Young Leroy. But Colonel Strong Vincent, who commanded the 3rd Brigade of Brig. First Lieutenant, James H. Nichols, Brunswick, commanding company. For more information on Maine Civil War regiments visit the Maine State Archives. 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment Battles Casualties Battle of Antietam Blackford's Ford Virgina Cold Harbor Five Forks Fredericksburg Gettysburg Petersburg Spotsylvania Court House Wilderness. Spear, however, claimed he received no such orders. The 20th Maine was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War, renowned for its action on Little Round Top during the Battle of Gettysburg of the American Civil War. Second Lieutenant, Warren L. Kendall, Belfast. Were it not for Toziers heroic stand, the 20th Maine would likely have been beaten at that decisive point in the battle. The stars have aligned as we have a remarkable opportunity at Gettysburg to save a piece of land that witnessed monumental points in history. ton, Hanover, and Erskine C. Smith, Hanover, in quarterm'r dept. Attached to, Two men froze to death in their tent as four inches of snow fell. The Union had lost 4,000 men by that time and the town of Gettysburg itself but Meade quickly moved reinforcing divisions onto the high ground south of Gettysburg. Aaaron Adams, Priv. return to Research and Current Projects . It was not until Gettysburg that the armies met in a full-scale fight. Color sergeant was a dangerous but coveted position in Civil War regiments, generally manned by the bravest soldier in the unit. On the morning of July 2, Little Round Top proper held perhaps just a handful of Federal soldiers. Thomaston, teamsters in quarterm'r dept. Colonel Chamberlain returned to Maine on an extended sick leave for malarial fever.. 5th Corps Colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain captured and held this position on the evening of July 2d, 1863, pursuing the enemy from its front on the line marked by its monument below. Muster Roll of 20th Maine . I, 1 Lieut. Or, to put it another way, did he deserve all the credit? The valorous defense of Little Round Top will always belong to the 20th Maine Infantry and to Joshua L. Chamberlain as the regimental commander. Siege of Fort Blakeley, Alabama. They mustered out July 16, 1865 with the old members mustering out June 4, 1865. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, IV Corps, Army of the Potomac, to May . Bangor, battery C, ist Mass. Second Lieutenant, Thomas R. Hogue, Waldoboro. Vols., Capt. . His contingent created the impression of two regiments rushing through the woods, though it consisted only of 44 Company B soldiers and 14 U.S. Sharpshooters. The 20th Regiment, Maine Infantry was organized at Portland, and mustered in August 29, 1862. Chamberlain later said he communicated his decision to counterattack to Captain Ellis Spear, the acting battalion commander of the units left flank. George W. Buck, Linneus, promoted on the field, from Private. John J. Pullen, The Twentieth Maine: A Volunteer Regiment in the Civil War, Dayton, Ohio: Morningside House, 1984. of Fiscel house, wounded [citation needed]. It was as if fate had brought them together. First Lieutenant, William W. Morrell, Brunswick. On Special Duty or Detached Service: Lafayette M. Crosby, Maine at Gettysburg was published in 1898 in the words of its authors, "to commemorate and perpetuate the conspicuous valor and heroism of Maine soldiers on that decisive battlefield of the war of the rebellion." The 20th Maine regiment was mustered out of service on June 16, 1865. I swear the men will shoot him the first battle we are in.". This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 20:47. Edwards, Abial H. 16th Tennessee Regiment CSA. First Sergeant, Charles W. Steele, Oakfield Plantation. The regiment later participated in every major battle with the Army of the Potomac, but Gettysburg had been its moment in the sun. They received no words of farewell on leaving their state. Maine Infantry Regiment, 20th (1862-1865). Forward to the right was perhaps someones post-war idea of what Chamberlain would have said if time permitted. Source: There is a Chamberlain museum in Brunswick, Maine; Chamberlain Pale Ale produced in Portland, Maine; and a Chamberlain Bridge exists in Bangor, Maine yet no commercial product commemorates the 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry. On Little Round Top the 120 experienced combat veterans from the 2nd Maine brought the 20ths ranks up to 386 infantrymen and helped hold Chamberlains wobbling line together. The 20th Maine had been organized under President Abraham Lincolns second call for troops on July 2, 1862. George H. Moulton, Lagrange, William H. Owen, Milo, Charles E. Bowker, Orrington battery L, ist Ohio. Mustered with over 1,600 troops on July 2, 1862, after Lincoln's second call for volunteers, the 20th Maine was reduced to under 300 by the . That afternoon he sent his chief of engineers, Brig. Chamberlain declined, saying that he would like to learn the position first and took the rank of lieutenant colonel instead. (15 mb) 23rd Maine - My . Both Vincent and ORorke paid with their lives for their heroism. Colonel Chamberlain waspromoted to colonel and took command of the Regiment. Cartersville, GA: Eastern Digital Resources, 1998. Answering that question adequately requires taking another look at the Battle of Gettysburg and the hell-raising fighting that occurred among the scattered stones of Little Round Top. Charles H. Reed, Freedom, David J. Lewis, Waterville. First Sergeant, Hezekiah Long, Thomaston. But did Chamberlain really deserve the credit he received? When the Army of the Potomacs commander, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker, belatedly became aware of the Confederates movement, he began to force-march his army north, trying to keep Lee to the west and screen Washington from the Rebel troops. mortally, shot in left lung, died July 24, buried 6th Corps Fortune, however, was to smile on Chamberlains regiment in the form of unexpected reinforcements. Colonel, Joshua L. Chamberlain, Branswick. On June 3, 1863, Confederate General Robert E. Lee began the Army of Northern Virginias second invasion of the North. Miscellaneous Civil War Documents. During that assault, Captain James H. Nichols, the commander of the 20th Maines Company K, ran to alert Chamberlain that the Confederates seemed to be extending their line toward the regiments left. JAVASCRIPT IS DISABLED. Leach, George W., wounded and prisoner; died Dec. i, 1863, in prison. Geary was ordered to rejoin the rest of his XII Corps at Culps Hill after elements of Sickles III Corps took his place. Benjamin W. Grant, Priv. Norton, Hiram, Solon, Rankins, William, Waterville. Additional Union reinforcements came from Maj. Gens. Great responsibility also fell upon Captain Spear, whose flank was to start the attack otherwise the charge would not pivot and work to its fullest potential. First Lieutenant, Weston H. Keene, Bremen. The regiment is honored by a . At the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, as a part of Webb's Brigade, Gibbon's Division, Hancock's (2d) Corps, the 20th was heavily engaged on the Plank road losing Maj. Abbott and 35 officers and men killed or mortally wounded. Second Lieutenant, Elisha Besse, Jr., Oakiield Plantation. Had the 20th Maine retreated from the hill, the entire Union line would have been flanked, endangering and hurting other Union regiments in the vicinity. Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, Forging a Path to Preservation at Lees Headquarters, Gettysburg - Devils Den and Little Round Top, July 3, 1863. D. Chamberlain's Company G, Twentieth Regiment return Div. For the 1979 board wargame simulating this regiment's most famous battle, see, Maine U.S. Volunteer Infantry Regiments 1861-1865, "133d Engineer Battalion | Lineage and Honors", "Twentieth Regiment, Maine Volunteer Infantry", "New Maine State Ballad Commemorates Civil War Unit", "New state ballad honors 20th Maine, despite pro-Confederate objections", 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Maine State Archives), http://learn.bowdoin.edu/joshua-lawrence-chamberlain/, Army life: a private's reminiscences of the Civil War (1882), Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=20th_Maine_Infantry_Regiment&oldid=1146546381, Units and formations of the Union Army from Maine, Military units and formations established in 1862, Military units and formations disestablished in 1865, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 1,621 enrollment (soldiers assigned to the regiment), This page was last edited on 25 March 2023, at 15:09. Historic Blakely State Park. Second Lieutenant, William K. Bickford, Thomaston. The regiment lost 2 officers and 13 men killed, 6 officers and 38 men wounded . Colonel Ames was promoted to brigadier general and given command of a brigade in the 11th Corps, and Lt. In May 1863, Col. Ames was promoted to a Brigadier General in General Oliver Otis Howard's corps. . Moved to Manchester, thence marched to Washington, D.C., May 1-12. With the new information from Nichols, Chamberlain ordered a right-angle formation, extending his line farther to the east. Second Lieutenant James H. Stanwood, wounded, leg. Commissary-Sergeant, Elmas M. Kalloch, Warren. George W. Card, Dexter, Joseph A. The 20th Maine suffered heavy casualties, but held Little Round Top and allowed a Union victory at Gettysburg. Sergeant James R. Martin, wounded, face, severely. They were all very helpful and informative in their role as "honor guard" for the exhibit. After Chamberlain ordered Bayonet,the Union line hesitated until Melcher sprang out in front of the line with his sword flashing. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The 1st Maine Cavalry has the unfortunate distinction of having the most men killed in action of any cavalry unit during the war. The war had a profound affect on many soldiers and transition back into civilian life was not always easy. Lieutenant Colonel Chamberlain pleadedwith Brigadier General Daniel Butterfield to put the men into the fight and wasrefused. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! First Lieutenant, Addison W. Lewis, Waterville, commanding. Later in life, Chamberlain wrote that his regiment was the first in line, but it actually took up its position last, curving its line back around to the east and forming the Union Armys extreme left flank. First Lieutenant, Arad H. Linscott, JeflFerson. From the main monument on Little Round Top: Here the 20th Maine Regiment Col. J. L. Chamberlain commanding, forming the extreme left of the national line of battle on the 2nd day of July 1863, repulsed the attack of the extreme right of Longstreets Corps and charged in turn, capturing 308 prisoners. By June 30 Lees forces, including those of corps commanders Lt. Gens. 10th Tennessee Regiment, CO.E. John Reed Jr., 1st Serg. Although the 20th Maine Infantry gets a lot of attention for its actions at Gettysburg, due mostly to its prominence in the 1993 film Gettysburg, other regiments from the Pine Tree State played important but overlooked roles in the battle.One of those regiments was Colonel Moses Lakeman's 3rd Maine. Corporal John M. Libby, wounded, lost two fingers. Acting First Sergeant, William Griffin, Stockton. The mutineers were not just soldiers but also Chamberlains childhood neighbors. The 2nd Maine Infantry Regiment (also known as the Second Maine Regiment, Second Maine Infantry, or The Bangor Regiment) was a Union Army unit during the American Civil War.It was mustered in Bangor, Maine, for two years' service on May 28, 1861, and mustered out in the same place on June 9, 1863.. Five of the ten companies of the regiment were raised in Bangor, including a Gymnasium Company . Chamberlains vivid personality overshadows the regiment that made him famous even though it was the regiment that saved the day. The regiment saw limited action at the battles of Antietam in Maryland, and Fredericksburg . 20th Maine Regiment Infantry ROSTERS: The composite rosters of this unit contain the names of 1 man. Just when the Federals were on the verge of collapse, Colonel Patrick ORorke led the 140th New York Zouaves into the gap to save Vincents brigade. However if you are unsure which company your ancestor was in, try the company recruited in his county first. Duty at Bell's Cross Roads till June 5. Captain Charles W. Billings, mortally wounded; died July 15, 1863. Maine. Melcher was an inspiration to the tiring regiment as he sprang a full 10 paces to the front with his sword glittering in the sunlight. . Later actions in which the regiment participated included Second Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, The Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, the Siege of Petersburg, Peebles's Farm, Lewis's Farm/Quaker Road, White Oak Road, Five Forks, and Appomattox Court House. It served between autumn 1862 and spring 1865, fighting at Shepherdstown Ford, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Overland Campaign, Peebles Farm, Hatcher's Run, and Five Forks. Walter G. Morrill, detached as skirmishers, attacking the enemys right flank, afternoon of July 2, 1863. The regiment's downhill charge during the Battle of Gettysburg is depicted in the 1974 historical novels The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (winner of the 1975 Pulitzer Prize in fiction) and Courage on Little Round Top, and was subsequently an important scene in the feature movie made 18 years later, Gettysburg in 1993.
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